Reference List

See also: Literature review

Bader, D.C., M.C. MacCracken and R.C. Malone, 1992: The Computer Hardware, Advanced Mathematics and Model Physics (CHAMMP) Program. Proc. Third Symposium on Global Change Studies, Atlanta, 140-142.

Bengtsson, L., and J. Shukla, 1988: Integration of space and in situ observations to study global climate change. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 69, 1130-1143.

Boer, G.J., K. Arpe, M. Blackburn, M. Déqué, W.L. Gates, T.L. Hart, H. Le Treut, E. Roeckner, D.A. Sheinin, I. Simmonds, R.N.B. Smith, T. Tokioka, R.T. Wetherald and D. Williamson, 1991: An intercomparison of the climates simulated by 14 atmospheric general circulation models. CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, WCRP-58, WMO/TD-No. 425, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

Boer, G.J.,1992: Some results from and an intercomparison of the climates simulated by 14 atmospheric general circulation models. J.Geophys. Res., 97, 12771-12786.

Bourke, W., P. Mullenmeister, K. Arpe, D. Baumhefner, P. Caplan, J.L. Kinter, S.F. Milton, W.F. Stern and M. Sugi, 1991: Systematic errors in extended range predictions. Report No. 16, CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, WCRP (WMO/TD-No. 444), World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

Cess, R.D., G.L. Potter, J.P. Blanchet, G.J. Boer, S.J. Ghan, J.T. Kiehl, H. Le Treut, Z.-X. Li, X.-Z. Liang, J.F.B. Mitchell, J.-J. Morcrette, D.A. Randall, M.R. Riches, E. Roeckner, U. Schlese, A. Slingo, K.E. Taylor, W.M. Washington, R.T. Wetherald and I. Yagai, 1989: Interpretation of cloud-climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models. Science, 245, 513-516.

Gates, W. L., 1992:  AMIP: The atmospheric model intercomparison project.  BAMS., 73, 1962-1970.

Gates, W. L., et al., 1999:  An overview of the results of the atmospheric model intercomparison project (AMIP I).  BAMS., 80, 29-55.

Gates, W.L., 1975: Numerical modelling of climate change: A review of problems and prospects. In Proc. WMO/IAMAP Symposium on Long-Term Climatic Fluctuations, WMO No. 421, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, pp. 343-354.

Gates, W.L., 1987: Problems and prospects in climate modeling. In Toward Understanding Climate Change (U. Radok, ed.), Westview Press, Boulder, pp. 5-34.

Gates, W.L., J.F.B. Mitchell, G.J. Boer, U. Cubasch and V.P. Meleshko, 1992: Climate modelling, climate prediction and model validation. In Climate Change 1992, the Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment (J.T. Houghton, B.A. Callander and S.K. Varney, eds.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 97-134.

Gates, W.L., P.R. Rowntree and Q.-C. Zeng, 1990: Validation of climate models. In Climate Change, the IPCC Scientific Assessment (J.T. Houghton, G.J. Jenkins and J.J. Ephraums, eds.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 93-130.

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Hansen, D.A. 2002 NARSTO model comparison and evaluation study (NMCES).  In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application: Papers and Posters from the 25th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its application held in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, during 15-19 October 2001.

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Jolliffe I.T. and Stephenson, D.B. (2003) Forecast Verification: A Practitioner's Guide in Atmospheric Science, Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-471-49759-2, 254p, May.

Joussaume, S., et al., 1999: Monsoon changes for 6000 years ago: Results of 18 simulations from the paleoclimate modeling intercomparison project (PMIP).  Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 859-862.

Lurmann, Frederick W. 1998. Summary Report of the NARSTO Model Intercomparison Workshop held in Washington D.C., May 27-28, 1998.

Murphy A.H. 1991: Forecast verification: Its complexity and dimensionality. Monthly Weather Review, 119:7, 1590-1601.

NARSTO, 1999: Proposed protocol for CTM testing in the NARSTO model intercomparison, NARSTO Chemistry Transport Model Work Group, August.

National Academy of Sciences, 1975: Survey of the climate simulation capability of global circulation models. Appendix B of Understanding Climatic Change, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, pp. 196-239.

Neelin, J.D., M. Latif, M.A.F. Allaart, M.A. Cane, U. Cubasch, W.L. Gates, P.R. Gent, M.Ghil, C. Gordon, N.C. Lau, C.R. Mechoso, G.A. Meehl, J.M. Oberhuber, S.G.H. Philander, P.S. Schopf, K.R. Sperber, A. Sterl, T. Tokioka, J. Tribbia and S.E. Zebiak, 1992: Tropical air-sea interaction in general circulation models. Climate Dynamics, 7, 73-104.

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Phillips, T.J., 1994: A summary documentation of the AMIP models. PCMDI Report No. 18, 343 pp.

Phillips, T.J., R. Anderson, and M. Broumlsius, 1995: Hypertext summary documentation of the AMIP models. UCRL-MI-116384, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA (URL http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/projects/modeldoc/amip/).

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Turner J.S. (1986) Turbulent entrainment: The development of the entrainment assumption and its application to geophysical flows. J. Fluid Mech. 173, 431-471.

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2005) Guidance on the use of models and other analyses in attainment demonstrations for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Guidance document prepared by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, EPA-454/R-05-002, October.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2007) Guidance on the use of models and other analyses for demonstrating attainment of air quality goals for ozone, PM2.5, and regional haze.  EPA OAQPS, RTP, NC, EPA-454/B-07-002.

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Yamartino R.J. (1984) A comparison of several “single-pass” estimators of the standard deviation of wind direction. J. Climate Appl. Meteorol. 23, 1362-1366.